Conhecimento do cirurgião-dentista sobre as implicações judiciais embutidas na cirurgia estética de bichectomia / Knowledge of the dentist on the judicial implications embedded in aesthetic surgery of bichectomy

Objetivo: Analisar se os cirurgiões-dentistas têm conhecimento das implicações judiciais embutidas na cirurgia estética de bichectomia. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo no qual foi aplicado um questionário estruturado aos docentes cirurgiões-dentistas da Faculdade Maria Milza (FAMAM) que realizam bichectomia. Os dados do questionário foram organizados em forma de tabela, apresentando informações sociodemográficas e sobre o conhecimento deles em relação aos aspectos judicias embutidos neste tipo de cirurgia. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 08 cirurgiões-dentistas, docentes da Faculdade Maria Milza. A maioria era do sexo masculino, com idade entre 29 a 39 anos, com tempo de docência menor igual a 5 anos e atuando em clínica privada. A maioria afirmou estar ciente das possíveis implicações judiciais e se previnir destas, no entanto, grande parte da amostra estudada não tinha conhecimento do Código Civil Brasileiro. Conclusão: A maioria dos dentistas não possuíam conhecimento sobre o Código Civil Brasileiro, mas sabem que podem responder processos movidos pelos pacientes. Frente a isso, eles estão se protegendo de possíveis implicações de ordem judicial relacionados a cirurgia de bichectomia.(AU)

Objective: To analyze whether dentists are aware of the judicial implications embedded in cosmetic surgery for bichectomy. Methods: This is a descriptive study in which a structured questionnaire was applied to the professors-dentists at Faculdade Maria Milza (FAMAM) who perform bichectomy. The questionnaire data were organized in form of a table, presenting sociodemographic information and their knowledge in relation to the judicial aspects embedded in this type of surgery. Results: The sample consisted of 08 dental surgeons, professors at Faculdade Maria Milza. Most were male, aged between 29 and 39 years old, with less than 5 years of teaching experience and working in a private clinic. The majority claimed to be aware of the possible legal implications and to prevent them, however, a large part of the sample studied was not aware of the Brazilian Civil Code. Conclusion: Most surgeons had no knowledge of the Brazilian Civil Code, but they know that they can respond to a lawsuit brought by patients. Faced with this, they are protecting themselves from possible implications of a court order related to bichectomy surgery.(AU)

Evaluation of Antibiotic Prophylaxis Prescriptions for Infectious Endocarditis Before Oral Procedures Between Cardiologists and Dentists

Abstract Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease with a high mortality rate. Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis before invasive procedures has been recommended in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions since 1960, but contemporary guidelines worldwide have proposed changes. Objective To evaluate the knowledge and pattern of prescription by cardiologists and dentists regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis before risky oral procedures. Methods This is an observational and cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from an online questionnaire, sent to cardiologists and dentists linked to specialty societies, in the first semester of 2021. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, and comparisons between variables were done in an exploratory approach. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results From 613 responders, 82.5% of cardiologists and 79.5% of dentists reported prescribing antibiotic prophylaxis for patients at high and moderate risk for IE. Of dental procedures capable of generating bacteremia, all were correctly identified by more than 50.0% of the sample. As for the habits of daily living, flossing and toothbrushing had almost 50.0% of correct answers, chewing had only 17.3%, and 40.9% reported that none of the actions presented a risk of bacteremia. When comparing variables, the correct prescription of amoxicillin (2 g, 30-60 minutes before the procedure) was more prevalent among cardiologists and in responders with less than 20 years of graduation (p<0.01). Conclusion In the present study, the prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis for IE were frequent for high- and moderate-risk patients, before oral/dental procedures. Partial knowledge was found about endocarditis, which highlights the need for continuous medical/dental education.

Postoperative pain after third molar extraction surgery in patients with and without bruxism: an observational study / Dor pós-operatória após cirurgia de extração de terceiros molares em pacientes com e sem bruxismo: um estudo observacional

ABSTRACT Third molar extraction surgery is a frequentprocedure in dentistry. Like any surgical procedure, it may lead to inflammatory responses, and postoperative pain is one of its main complications. Furthermore, temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective termfor several clinicalproblems involving orofacial structures. Patients withparafunction are more sensitive to mechanical stimuli such as pressure during surgical procedures. Aim: To analyze postoperative pain in patients with and without bruxism subjected to third molar extraction surgery. Materials and Method: This was an observational study including four groups with a 1:1:1:! allocation ratio, conducted following ethical approval. Patients classified as ASA I with an indication for lower third molar extraction were recruited. Bruxism was self-reported. Two surgical techniques were used: one with only forceps and levers (ST1) and another with osteotomy and odontosection (ST2). Results: Four groups (bruxism and surgical techniques) were enrolled, each with a convenience sample (n=34). Postoperative pain levels were higher in patients with than without bruxism (p<0.05). The comparison between surgical techniques showed significantly higher pain levels only on the seventh day for ST2 groups (p<0.05). Oral mucosaflap incisions did not cause significantly higher persistence and pain levels. Conclusions: Bruxism, osteotomy, and odontosection may have increased postoperative pain levels, whereas performing an oral mucosa flap did not cause significant differences. Nevertheless, these preliminary data should be interpreted carefully. Randomized controlled trials are required to reinforce the findings of this study.

RESUMO A cirurgia de extragao de terceiros molares é um procedimento frequente na odontologia. Como em qualquer procedimento cirúrgico, pode levar a respostas inflamatorias. A dor pós-operatória é uma das principais complicagoes após a cirurgia de extragao de terceiros molares. Além disso, disfungao temporomandibular (DTM) é um termo coletivo para vários problemas clínicos envolvendo estruturas orofaciais. Pacientes com parafungao sao mais sensíveis a estímulos mecánicos como pressao durante procedimentos cirúrgicos. Objetivo: Analisar a dor pós-operatória em pacientes com e sem bruxismo submetidos á cirurgia de extragao de terceiros molares. Material e Método: Um estudo observacional incluindo quatro grupos com uma proporgao de alocagao de 1:1:1:1 foi realizado após aprovagao ética. Foram recrutados pacientes classificados como ASA I com indicagao de exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores. O bruxismo foi autorreferido e foram realizadas duas técnicas cirúrgicas: uma com apenas fórceps e alavancas (ST1) e outra com osteotomia e odontosecgao (ST2). Resultados: Foram incluidos quatro grupos (bruxismo e técnicas cirúrgicas), cada um com uma amostra de conveniencia (n=34). Os níveis de dor pós-operatória foram maiores em pacientes com bruxismo (p<0,05). A comparagao entre as técnicas cirúrgicas mostrou níveis de dor significativamente maiores apenas no sétimo diapara os grupos ST2 (p<0,05). Incisoes de retalhos de mucosa oral nao mostraram níveis de dor significativamente maiores. Conclusoes: Bruxismo, osteotomia e odontosecgaopodem aumentar os níveis de dor pós-operatória, enquanto a realizagao de retalho de mucosa oral nao apresenta diferengas significativas. No entanto, a interpretagao cuidadosa desses dados preliminares é recomendada, e ensaios clínicos randomizados sao necessários para fortalecer os achados deste estudo.

Use of platelet concentrates in oral surgery of patients with osteonecrosis: a scoping review

Abstract The objective of this study was to map, through a scoping review, the evidence available in the literature on the use of platelet concentrates in compromised patients undergoing oral surgeries. Searches were performed in electronic databases for clinical studies with compromised patients undergoing oral surgery who used platelet concentrates. Only studies published in English were included. Two independent researchers carried out the selection of studies. The study design and objective, surgical procedure and platelet concentrate used, systemic involvement, analyzed outcome, and main results were extracted. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. Case series was the most frequent study design among the included studies (41.0%). In terms of systemic disability, 19 studies reported patients with cancer and related to surgical treatment 16 studies reported patients underwent treatment for osteonecrosis related to the use of the drug. The most used platelet concentrate was pure platelet-rich fibrin (P-PRF). In general, most studies recommend the use of platelet concentrates. Thus, the results of this study suggest that the evidence related to the use of platelet concentrates in compromised patients when undergoing oral surgeries is still initial. Also, most studies assessed the use of platelet concentrates in patients with osteonecrosis.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi mapear, através de uma revisão de escopo, as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o uso de agregrantes plaquetários em pacientes comprometidos e que realizaram cirurgias odontológicas. Pesquisas foram realizadas em bases de dados por estudos clínicos com pacientes comprometidos que realizaram cirurgia odontológica e usaram agragantes plaquetários. Apenas estudos em inglês foram incluídos. Dois pesquisadores independentes realizaram a seleção dos estudos. Os seguintes dados foram extraídos: desenho do estudo, objetivo, procedimento cirúrgico, agregante plaquetário usado, envolvimento sistêmico, desfecho analisado e principais resultados. Uma análise descritiva dos dados foi realizada. Vinte e dois estudos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade e foram incluídos. Série de casos foi o desenho de estudo mais frequente entre os estudos incluídos (41,0%). Em relação ao comprometimento sistêmico, 19 estudos reportaram pacientes com câncer e em relação ao tratamento cirúrgico, 16 estudos reportaram pacientes que realizavam tratamento para osteonecrose relacionada ao uso de medicamentos. O agregante mais utilizado foi o plasma rico em fribina (P-PRF). Em geral, maioria dos estudos recomendou o uso dos agregantes plaquetários. Assim, os resultados desse estudo sugerem que a evidência relacionada ao uso de agregantes plaquetários em pacientes comprometidos que realizam cirurgia odontológica é ainda inicial. Ainda, a maioria dos estudos avaliaram o uso de agregantes plaquetários em pacientes com osteonecrose.

Research progress in the design of surgical flaps for impacted mandibular third molars / 中国基层医药

The incidence of impacted mandibular third molars is high. Many complications occur after extraction of impacted third molars, such as bleeding, pain, swelling, and dry grooves, which affect quality of life. To reduce postoperative complications, various skin flap designs have emerged with time. This paper summarizes the current research progress in designing impacted mandibular third molar flaps, providing a reference for clinical work.

Atypical traumatic bone cyst involving impacted lower third molar: report of case / Cisto ósseo traumático atípico envolvendo terceiro molar inferior impactado: relato de caso

ABSTRACT The traumatic bone cyst is an uncommon nonneoplastic lesion of the jaws that is considered as a "pseudocyst" because of the lack of an epithelial lining. This lesion is particularly asymptomatic and, therefore, is diagnosed by routine dental radiographic examination as a unilocular radiolucency with scalloped borders, mainly in the posterior mandibular region. The exact etiopathogenesis of the lesion remains uncertain, though it is often associated with trauma. The objective of this paper is to report one case of atypical traumatic bone cyst involving impacted lower third molar, addressing its clinical and radiographic characteristics, differential diagnosis, treatment through surgical exploration and case follow-up.

RESUMO O cisto ósseo traumático é uma lesão não neoplásica incomum dos maxilares, considerada um "pseudocisto" devido à ausência de um revestimento epitelial. Esta lesão é particularmente assintomática e, portanto, é diagnosticada pelo exame radiográfico odontológico de rotina como uma radioluscência unilocular com bordas recortadas, principalmente na região mandibular posterior. A etiopatogenia exata da lesão permanece incerta, embora esteja frequentemente associada a trauma. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de cisto ósseo traumático atípico envolvendo terceiro molar inferior impactado abordando suas características clínicas, radiográficas, diagnóstico diferencial, tratamento por meio de exploração cirúrgica e proservação do caso.

Manejo del paciente anticoagulado en una cirugía dental / Management of the anticoagulated patient in dental surgery / Gerenciamento do paciente anticoagulado em cirurgia odontológica

Introducción: una adecuada hemostasia es crucial para el éxito del tratamiento odontológico invasivo, ya que los problemas de sangrado pueden dar lugar a complicaciones asociadas a una importante morbimortalidad. El tratamiento odontológico de pacientes que tienden a un mayor riesgo de sangrado debido al uso de fármacos anticoagulantes plantea un desafío en la práctica diaria de los profesionales de la odontología. El conocimiento adecuado de los mecanismos subyacentes a la hemostasia y el manejo optimizado de estos pacientes son, por lo tanto, cuestiones muy importantes. Se realiza un estudio de los fármacos anticoagulantes actualmente disponibles en el mercado, evaluando los riesgos y beneficios de suspender dicho fármaco previo a un tratamiento odontológico invasivo. Además, se hace una revisión de los protocolos de manejo actuales que se utilizan en estos pacientes. Material y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Epistemonikos y Medline/PubMed; en el portal Timbó y en la biblioteca virtual Scielo. Abarcando todos los estudios publicados en los últimos 15 años en inglés y español. Se encontraron 30 artículos, se seleccionaron 15 en primera instancia para finalizar con 11 artículos. En dicha selección el filtro fue que los demás artículos se referían a otros anticoagulantes que no eran parte de este trabajo. Resultados: se han desarrollado múltiples protocolos de manejo, aunque en todos los casos se requiere una historia clínica completa, junto con pruebas hemostáticas complementarias para minimizar los riesgos derivados del tratamiento odontológico. Discusión: muchos autores consideran que la medicación de los pacientes indicada para el tratamiento de una enfermedad de base no debe ser alterada o suspendida a menos que así lo indique el médico prescriptor. Se ha demostrado que las medidas hemostáticas locales son suficientes para controlar los posibles problemas de sangrado derivados del tratamiento dental.

Introduction: Adequate hemostasis is crucial for the success of invasive dental treatment, since bleeding problems can lead to complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The dental treatment of patients who are prone to an increased risk of bleeding due to the use of anticoagulant drugs poses a challenge in the daily practice of dental professionals. Adequate knowledge of the mechanisms underlying hemostasis and optimized management of these patients are therefore very important issues. A review is made of the anticoagulant drugs currently available on the market, evaluating the risks and benefits of suspending such a drug prior to invasive dental treatment. In addition, a review is made of the current management protocols used in these patients. Material and methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in the Epistemonikos and Medline/PubMed databases; in the Timbo portal and in the Scielo virtual library. All the studies published in the last 15 years in English and Spanish were included. Thirty articles were found, 15 were selected in the first instance to end up with 11 articles. In this selection, the filter was that the other articles referred to other anticoagulants that were not part of this work. Results: multiple management protocols have been developed, although in all cases a complete clinical history is required, together with complementary hemostatic tests to minimize the risks derived from dental treatment. Discussion: many authors consider that the patient's medication indicated for the treatment of an underlying disease should not be altered or suspended unless so indicated by the prescribing physician. It has been shown that local hemostatic measures are sufficient to control possible bleeding problems derived from dental treatment.

Introdução: A hemostasia adequada é crucial para o sucesso do tratamento dentário invasivo, pois problemas de sangramento podem levar a complicações associadas a uma morbidade e mortalidade significativas. O tratamento odontológico de pacientes que são propensos a um risco maior de sangramento devido ao uso de drogas anticoagulantes representa um desafio na prática diária dos profissionais da odontologia. O conhecimento adequado dos mecanismos subjacentes à hemostasia e o gerenciamento otimizado desses pacientes são, portanto, questões muito importantes. É realizada uma revisão dos anticoagulantes atualmente disponíveis no mercado, avaliando os riscos e benefícios de descontinuar tal medicamento antes do tratamento dentário invasivo. Além disso, é feita uma revisão dos protocolos de gerenciamento atuais usados nesses pacientes. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Epistemonikos e Medline/PubMed; no portal Timbo e na biblioteca virtual Scielo. Todos os estudos publicados nos últimos 15 anos, em inglês e espanhol, foram incluídos. Trinta artigos foram encontrados, 15 foram selecionados em primeira instância para acabar com 11 artigos. Nesta seleção, o filtro foi que os outros artigos se referiam a outros anticoagulantes que não faziam parte deste trabalho. Resultados: foram desenvolvidos múltiplos protocolos de gerenciamento, embora em todos os casos seja necessário um histórico clínico completo, juntamente com testes hemostáticos complementares para minimizar os riscos derivados do tratamento odontológico. Discussão: muitos autores consideram que a medicação os pacientes indicada para o tratamento de uma doença subjacente não deve ser alterada ou descontinuada, a menos que o médico que a prescreve dê instruções nesse sentido. Medidas hemostáticas locais demonstraram ser suficientes para controlar potenciais problemas de sangramento resultantes do tratamento odontológico.

Queiloplastia de Castañón: una técnica viable y efectiva en la reconstrucción parcial del labio inferior / Castañón Cheiloplasty: a viable and effective technique in the partial reconstruction lower lip

Introducción: Para el tratamiento del carcinoma epidermoide labial existen varias modalidades terapéuticas, pero la cirugía constituye la primera elección. Numerosas técnicas han sido descritas para el manejo de lesiones que afectan más de un tercio del labio inferior. Sin embargo, la selección de alguna en particular depende del cumplimiento de los principios reconstructivos de esta unidad. Objetivo: Ejemplificar los beneficios de la utilización de la queiloplastia de Castañón, para la reconstrucción labial parcial, en un paciente con carcinoma epidermoide de labio inferior. Presentación de caso: Se presenta un paciente masculino de 68 años de edad, con antecedentes de hábito de fumar y alcoholismo, que acudió a consulta de Cirugía Oncológica de Cabeza y Cuello por presentar lesión localizada en bermellón de labio inferior. Se realizó biopsia, mediante incisión, que informó un carcinoma epidermoide moderadamente diferenciado. Se estudió como un T2N0M0, etapa II y se trató quirúrgicamente mediante queilectomía subtotal y reconstrucción con técnica de Castañón. Conclusiones: Se presentó el caso clínico de un paciente con carcinoma epidermoide de labio inferior, entidad patológica de alta incidencia. La cirugía constituyó la única modalidad de tratamiento utilizada. Una vez realizada la resección quirúrgica de la lesión, se reconstruyó el defecto, para lo que se utilizó la queiloplastia descrita por Castañón, opción útil para lograr el cumplimiento de los principios estéticos y funcionales(AU)

Introduction: For the treatment of labial squamous cell carcinoma there are several therapeutic modalities, but surgery is the first choice. Numerous techniques have been described for the management of lesions affecting more than a third of the lower lip. However, the selection of any particular one depends on the fulfillment of the reconstructive principles of this unit. Objective: Exemplify the benefits of using Castañón cheiloplasty for partial lip reconstruction in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip. Case presentation: A 68-year-old male patient with a history of smoking and alcoholism was presented, who went to the Head and Neck Oncological Surgery consultation for presenting a lesion located in vermilion of the lower lip. An incisional biopsy reported moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. It was studied as a T2N0M0, stage II and was treated surgically by subtotal cheilectomy and reconstruction with Castañón technique. Conclusions: The clinical case of a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip, a pathological entity of high incidence, was presented. Surgery was the only treatment modality used. Once the surgical resection of the lesion was performed, the defect was reconstructed, for which the cheiloplasty described by Castañón was used, a useful option to achieve compliance with the aesthetic and functional principles(AU)

Drogas antiagregantes plaquetárias e anticoagulantes em pacientes que se submeterão à cirurgia oral: conduta / Antiagregant platelet and anticoagulant drugs in patients who will submit oral surgery: conduct

Objetivo: Como a frequência de pacientes em uso de anticoagulantes e antiagragantes plaquetários nos consultórios odontológicos é crescente, este trabalho objetivou avaliar através de Revisão de Literatura, qual o melhor manejo desses medicamentos na prática odontológica perioperatória. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizadas as bases de dados Scielo e PubMed. Foram escolhidos os seguintes descritores disponíveis na BVs e PubMed em inglês "Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors", "Oral Surgical Procedures" e "Antigoagulants" no período de 2016 a 2021. Também foram consultados livros e sites de diretrizes do Governo. Foram escolhidos 20 artigos para elaboração da pesquisa. Resultados: doenças cardiovasculares e outras condições clínicas pró-coagulantes tem prevalência crescente e são conhecidos fatores de risco para a ocorrência de fenômenos tromboembólicos graves. A terapia antitrombótica tem papel definido nesses casos. No perioperatorio de cirurgias orais, a decisão por suspender ou manter a terapia deve ser individualizada e pode ser orientada por guidelines. Conclusão: procedimentos orais de baixo risco de sangramento podem ser conduzidos sem a descontinuação da terapia antitrombótica. Cirurgias de moderado a alto risco frequentemente requerem suspensão temporária das medicações para fins de minimizar os riscos de complicações hemorrágicas... (AU)

Objective: As the frequency of patients using anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in dental offices is increasing, this study aimed to evaluate, through a Literature Review, which is the best management of these medications in dental perioperative practice. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, being used Scielo and PubMed databases. The following descriptors available in BVs and PubMed "Platelet aggregation inhibitors", "Oral Surgical Procedures" and "Antigoagulants" were used, from 2016 to 2021. In addition, the search was also performed in guideline books and Government websites. Twenty articles were chosen for research elaboration. Results: established cardiovascular disease and other procoagulant clinical conditions have an increasing prevalence, especially among the elderly, and are known risk factors for the occurrence of severe thromboembolic phenomena. Antithrombotic therapy has defined role in these cases. In the perioperative period of oral surgery, the decision to suspend or maintain therapy must be individualized and may be guided by guidelines. Age appears as a clinical criterion in the main ones used. Conclusion: oral procedures with low risk of bleeding can be carried out without discontinuing antithrombotic therapy. Moderate to high-risk surgeries usually require its temporary suspension in order to minimize the risk of bleeding complications... (AU)

Defecto oncológico maxilar reconstruido mediante colgajo de músculo temporal / Maxillary oncologic defect reconstructed with temporal muscle flap / Defeito oncológico maxilar reconstruído por aba muscular temporal

El macizo facial es una región anatómica compleja que alberga órganos sensoriales. El desarrollo de una enfermedad oncológica, así como su tratamiento, causan defectos funcionales y estéticos con un alto costo físico y psíquico para el paciente y su entorno. Es por ello que la reconstrucción representa un reto. Las diferentes posibilidades incluyen prótesis obturatríces, colgajos libres, pediculados o microvascularizados. En este artículo se describirá el colgajo de músculo temporal y se desarrolla un caso clínico de cirugía oncológica maxilar reconstruido mediante éste en un paciente que presenta una lesión exofítica en cuadrante superior derecho, que se extiende sobre el flanco vestibular, reborde alveolar y zona palatina, desde zona de premolares hasta la zona del segundo molar inclusive, impidiéndole usar la prótesis dental. Esta cirugía es una técnica económica, que requiere menor tiempo quirúrgico que otras técnicas, asociándose a poco porcentaje de fracaso y pocas complicaciones post operatorias.

The facial mass is a complex anatomical region that houses sensory organs. The development of an oncologic disease, as well as its treatment, causes functional and esthetic defects with a high physical and psychological cost for the patient and his environment. This is why reconstruction represents a challenge. The different possibilities include obturator-root prostheses, free, pedicled or microvascularized flaps. In this article the temporal muscle flap will be described and a clinical case of maxillary oncologic surgery reconstructed by means of it is developed in a patient who presents an exophytic lesion in the right upper quadrant, which extends over the vestibular flank, alveolar ridge and palatal area, from the premolar area up to and including the second molar area, preventing him from using the dental prosthesis. This surgery is an economical technique that requires less surgical time than other techniques, and is ass

A massa facial é uma região anatômica complexa que abriga órgãos sensoriais. O desenvolvimento de uma doença oncológica, assim como seu tratamento, causa defeitos funcionais e estéticos com alto custo físico e psicológico para o paciente e seu ambiente. A reconstrução é, portanto, um desafio. As diferentes possibilidades incluem as próteses de raiz obturadora, abas livres, pediculadas ou microvascularizadas. Este artigo descreve o retalho muscular temporal e descreve um caso clínico de cirurgia oncológica maxilar reconstruída utilizando-o em um paciente com lesão exofítica no quadrante superior direito, estendendo-se pelo flanco vestibular, rebordo alveolar e área palatina, desde a área do pré-molar até a área do segundo molar inclusive, impedindo-o de utilizar a prótese dentária. Esta cirurgia é uma técnica econômica, que requer menos tempo cirúrgico que outras.

Analysis of etiological characteristics and establishment of prediction model of postoperative infections in patients undergoing oral squamous cell carcinoma surgery with free flap reconstruction / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the characteristics of pathogen infection and to establish a prediction model of infections in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing surgery with free flap reconstruction.@*METHODS@#The retrospective cohort study consisted of 1 596 patients undergoing tumor resection and free flap reconstruction for oral squamous cell carcinoma from January 2018 to December 2020. According to the postoperative infection, the patients were divided into the infected group (n=154) and non-infected group (n=1 442). The characteristics of pathogens were analyzed in the infected patients. The primary outcome variable was postoperative infection, and Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors of the infection. The prediction model was established and the discriminatory accuracy of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.@*RESULTS@#Totally 154 cases were infected in the 1 596 cases undergoing surgery with free flap reconstruction, and the infection rate was 9.65%. The most frequent sites of infection were the surgical wound and respiratory tract. A total of 268 pathogens were isolated and cultured, including 240 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 89.55%, mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae; 23 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 8.58%, mainly Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus; and 5 strains of fungi, accounting for 1.87%. The isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa had high resistant rate to imipenem and meropenem, and was sensitive to antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin. The isolated Staphylococcus aureus had high resistant rate to erythromycin and clindamycin, and was sensitive to vancomycin. According to the multivariate Logistic analysis, four independent variables were significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative infection (P < 0.05): clinical N category≥1, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade ≥2, tracheotomy and length of hospital stay >13 d. The prediction model was established based on these factors and the expression of the risk prediction model was as follows: predicted probability value P=1/(1+e-a), a=-0.803+0.674×(clinical N category ≥1)+0.518×(the ASA grade ≥2)+0.918×(tracheotomy)+1.581×(length of hospital stay >13 d), Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=10.647, P=0.223, the degree of fitting of the model was good. The area under the ROC curve was 0.818 and 95%CI of the model for predicting infection was 0.789-0.846.@*CONCLUSION@#Oral squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing surgery with free flap reconstruction are prone to have a high incidence of postoperative infection and Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing an infection. The established prediction model is of good predictive effect. Rational antimicrobial use coupled with awareness of infection control measures is paramount to reduce the incidence of postoperative infection in the oral squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing surgery with free flap reconstruction.

The retromandibular transparotid approach vs. retromandibular retroparotid approach for the mandibular condyle: our clinical experience

Aim: The mandible is regarded as a frequently fractured bone in patients who present with maxillofacial trauma accounting for almost 15.5% to 59% of all facial fractures. Managing condylar trauma has remained to be a point of contention amongst experts, regardless of the advances in surgical modalities and methodologies, and the treatment plan is often determined by the preference and the experience of the surgeon. There exist various approaches in the literature, each with its own specific benefits and drawbacks. With this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of post-operative complications in patients who experienced ORIF by means of the retromandibular approach, by comparing the outcomes of one group having undergone transparotid surgery, with another that underwent retroparotid surgery. Methods: An experimental trial was undertaken. Convenience sampling was done from among the cases of condylar neck and base fracture visiting the department of OMFS, Dow University of Health Sciences from January 2017 to December 2019. An overall 26 patients were divided into 2 groups of 13 members each; one was managed using Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) by means of a retromandibular transparotid approach while the other group was treated with ORIF by means of a retromandibular retroparotid approach. A 6 month follow-up was done to assess range of active motion, occlusion, and complications such as deviation/deflection, neural injury, infections, sialocele, salivary fistulae and Frey's syndrome in both groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of inter-incisal opening, right and left lateral movements, or protrusion. One patient in the retroparotid group had deviation on mouth opening (7.69%), while one in the transparotid group reported with infection (7.69%), and 2 developed post operative seromas (15.38%). None had persisting facial nerve palsy at 6 months. Conclusion: We find no significant disparity between the 2 approaches at a follow-up of 6 months; therefore, the primary determining factor for selection of either technique is surgeon preference and appropriate case selection

Comprehensive prosthodontic treatment of an elderly patient with compromised ridges: a clinical case report / Tratamiento prostodóntico integral de un paciente anciano con proceso alveolar comprometido: informe de un caso clínico

Introduction: The objective of a complete denture prosthesis is restoring aesthetics, comfort, and function by the replacement of missing dental and alveolar structures employing a stable prosthesis. Case Report: Many conditions can complicate the treatment plan and fabrication of a complete denture prosthesis. Complete denture fabrication in clinically compromised conditions is a challenging task for the dentist. In this clinical report, we present comprehensive management of a patient with denture-induced hyperplasia, flabby ridge, and severely resorbed edentulous ridge. The three part strategy for management of the above-mentioned challenges can provide high-quality complete dentures, based on recognized prosthodontic principles. This first part will discuss the management of denture induced hyperplasia by elimination of the inflammation and excision of the lesion. Part two will cover management of the flabby ridge using a modified window technique for the impression of maxillary flabby tissues for an improved and controlled application of the impression material that is usually obtainable in dental practice. Part three highlights the rehabilitation procedure of the resorbed mandibular ridge using a functional impression technique with minimum soft tissue displacement and neutral zone arrangement of teeth to improve stability of the denture. Conclusion: rehabilitation of a patient with denture induced hyperplasia, flabby ridge, and severely resorbed edentulous ridges was successful.

Introducción: El objetivo de una prótesis completa es restaurar la estética, la comodidad y la función mediante el reemplazo de las estructuras dentales y alveolares faltantes empleando una prótesis estable. Case Report: Muchas condiciones pueden complicar el plan de tratamiento y la fabricación de una prótesis completa. La fabricación completa de la dentadura en con-diciones comprometidas clínicamente es una tarea desafiante para el dentista. En este reporte de un caso clínico, presentamos el ma-nejo integral de un paciente con hiperplasia inducida por dentadura postiza, cresta flácida y cresta edéntula severamente reabsorbida. La estrategia de tres partes para el manejo de los desafíos mencionados anteriormente puede proporcionar prótesis completas de alta calidad, basadas en reconocidos principios protésicos. La primera parte discutirá el manejo de la hiperplasia inducida por dentadura postiza mediante la eliminación de la infla-mación y la extirpación de la lesión. La segunda parte cubrirá el manejo de la cresta alveolar flácida utilizando una técnica de ventana modificada para la impresión de tejidos flácidos maxilares para una aplicación mejorada y controlada del material de impresión que generalmente se obtiene en la práctica dental. La tercera parte destaca el procedimiento de rehabilitación del reborde mandibular reabsorbido utilizando una técnica de impresión funcional con un desplazamiento mínimo de los tejidos blandos y una disposición de la zona neutra de los dientes para mejorar la estabilidad de la dentadura. Conclusion: La rehabilitación de un paciente con hiperplasia inducida por dentaduras postizas, cresta flácida y reabsorbida fue exitosa.

Retratamento endodôntico e complementação cirúrgica em dente com fístula persistente: relato de caso / Endodontic retreatment and surgical complementation on a tooth with persistent fistula: case report

Introdução: O preparo químico-mecânico representa uma etapa fundamental, pois promove a antissepsia do complexo sistema de canais radiculares, viabilizando um ambiente biológico favorável para o processo de cura e reparo dos tecidos periapicais. Porém, insucessos podem acontecer em dentes tratados e retratados endodonticamente, sendo a intervenção cirúrgica frequentemente indicada nesses casos. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 32 anos de idade, melanoderma, apresentou-se à clínica-escola de uma faculdade de Odontologia em um município baiano, com queixa principal de "aparecimento de bolha na gengiva e gosto amargo na boca". Ao exame clínico, visualizou-se presença de restauração de resina composta nas faces mesial e palatina, bem como fístula intrabucal ativa na região de fundo de vestíbulo, próximo ao ápice do elemento #22. Por meio de exames clínico e radiográfico, testes de sensibilidade pulpar e rastreamento da fístula, foi estabelecido diagnóstico de tratamento endodôntico concluído, e periapical de abscesso apical crônico. Em seguida, houve indicação de retratamento endodôntico e duas sessões de medicação intracanal com hidróxido de cálcio, seguidas de uma intervenção cirúrgica exploratória. Resultados: O protocolo de tratamento proposto foi eficaz. Constatou-se sucesso clínico, com cicatrização da fístula intrabucal ativa, e radiográfico, com reparação dos tecidos periapicais, além do restabelecimento da estética e função dentária, com acompanhamento de 26 meses. O paciente encontra-se sob acompanhamento semestral. Conclusão: é necessário salientar a relevância de efetuar com segurança um planejamento e prognóstico endodôntico confiável e, igualmente, o acompanhamento do caso, com supervisão clínica e radiográfica periódica (AU).

Introduction: Biological chemical preparation repre- sents a fundamental step, as it promotes asepsis of the complex root canal system, enabling a biological environment favorable to the process of healing and repair of the periapical tissues. However, failures can occur in endodontic treatment and retreatment teeth, where surgical intervention is often indicated in these cases. Description: The patient, a 32-year old man, melanoderma, presented at the school clinic of a School of Dentistry in a city in Bahia, with a chief complaint of "blistering of the gums and bitter taste in the mouth." Clinical examination revealed the presence of composite resin restoration on the mesial and palatine surfaces, and an active intraoral fistula in the vestibular region near the apex of tooth 22. By means of clinical, radiographic, pulp sensitivity tests and sinus tracking, a diagnosis of completed endodontic treatment was established, and periapical diagnosis of a chronic apical abscess. Afterwards, endodontic retreatment was indicated, consisting of two sessions of intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide, followed by an exploratory surgical intervention. Results: The proposed treatment protocol was effective. Clinical and radiographic success with healing of the active intrabuccal fistula and repair of the periapical tissues, as well as reestablishment of esthetics and dental function, was verified, in a period of twenty six months follow-up. At present, the patient is being followed-up semi-annually. Conclusion: it is necessary to emphasize the importance of safely performing reliable endodontic planning and prognosis, as well as follow up of the case, with periodic clinical and radiographic control (AU).

La maloclusión clase III esquelética grave mediante abordaje primario de cirugía ortognática: informe de caso / Severe skeletal class III malocclusion by surgery-first orthognathic approach: a case report

Class III malocclusion is a relevant public health problem. The management of severe skeletal class III malocclusion in non-growing patients requires properly planned and well-executed orthognathic surgery by a team of at least an orthodontist and a maxillofacial surgeon. For these cases, there are two approaches to the surgery. One of them is the conventional three-stage method, which includes preoperative orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery, and postoperative orthodontic treatment. The other is the surgery-first orthognathic approach, which is performed without pre-surgical orthodontic treatment and should present some advantages compared to the conventional technique. However, at present, evidence on the management of class III malocclusion still needs to be expanded. In this paper, we present the management of a case of severe skeletal class III malocclusion by surgery-first orthodontic approach, based on the experience of the Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.

La maloclusión clase III es un problema de salud pública importante. El tratamiento de la maloclusión clase III esquelética grave en pacientes que no están en crecimiento, requiere una cirugía ortognática planificada de forma apropiada y bien ejecutada, por un equipo de al menos un ortodoncista y un cirujano maxilofacial. Para estos casos, existen dos enfoques para la cirugía: el método convencional de tres etapas, que incluye tratamiento de ortodoncia preoperatorio, cirugía ortognática y tratamiento de ortodoncia posoperatorio; y el abordaje primario de cirugía ortognática, que se realiza sin tratamiento de ortodoncia prequirúrgico y debe presentar algunas ventajas en comparación con la técnica convencional. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, las pruebas sobre el abordaje de la maloclusión clase III aún deben ampliarse. En este artículo, presentamos el abordaje de un caso de maloclusión clase III esquelética grave mediante el abordaje inicial con cirugía ortognática, basado en la experiencia del Hospital y Colegio Odontológico del Gobierno de Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India.

The clinical effect of free anterior lateral thigh flap with cutaneous nerve on repair and reconstruction after radical operation of tongue cancer / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of free anterior lateral thigh flap (ALTF) with cutaneous nerve on repair and reconstruction after radical operation of tongue cancer.Methods:79 patients with tongue cancer who underwent radical resection in the stomatology department of Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital from October 2015 to October 2020 were selected and divided into observation group (38 cases) and control group (41 cases) according to the treatment method. The observation group was reconstructed with free ALTF with cutaneous nerve, and the control group was reconstructed with free ALTF without cutaneous nerve. The survival of the flap was observed and the function and morphology of the reconstructed tongue were evaluated.Results:All flaps survived and had good blood supply; the blood supply was good, the wounds healed in the first stage, and there were no cases of infection and arterial crisis. The appearance of the reconstructed tongue was plump and showed mild atrophy. The observation group was significantly better than the control group in terms of language clarity, masticatory efficiency, sensory excellence rate and University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire (UW-QOL) score ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The ALTF with cutaneous nerve for repair and reconstruction after radical operation of tongue cancer, can significantly improve the reconstruction of tongue sensory function and the quality of life of patients.

Effects of periodontal tissue regeneration combined with orthodontics on periodontitis / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effects of periodontal tissue regeneration combined with orthodontics on periodontitis.Methods:Eighty-six patients with periodontitis who received treatment in the Yongkang First People's Hospital, China between January 2017 and December 2018 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive either periodontal tissue regeneration (control group, n = 43) or periodontal tissue regeneration combined with orthodontics (observation group, n = 43). Periodontal function, clinical efficacy, complications and patient satisfaction were compared between the control and study groups. Results:Before treatment, there were no significant differences in plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing depth, bleeding on probing and attachment loss between the control and study groups (all P > 0.05). After treatment, plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing depth, bleeding on probing and attachment loss in the observation group were (0.85 ± 0.27) points, (0.64 ± 0.25) points, (2.25 ± 0.24) mm, (34.30 ± 0.48)% and (3.70 ± 0.55) mm, respectively, and they were (1.36 ± 0.30) points, (1.24 ± 0.53) points, (3.49 ± 0.38) mm, (57.88 ± 0.75) %, and (4.61 ± 0.92) mm, respectively. There were significant differences in these indexes between the observation and control groups ( t = 8.286, 6.714, 18.092, 173.648, 5.567, all P < 0.05). Total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [95.35% (41/43) vs. 79.07% (34/41), χ2 = 5.108, P < 0.05). Total effective rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [2.33% (1/43) vs. 16.28% (7/43), χ2 = 4.962, P < 0.05]. Patient satisfaction in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(91.17 ± 3.52) points vs. (84.43 ± 2.50) points, t = 10.237, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Periodontal tissue regeneration combined with orthodontics on periodontitis for treatment of periodontitis is highly safe and effective. It can promote the recovery of oral function and increase patient satisfaction.

Surgical treatment of ankyloglossia using an ophthalmic topical anesthetic and a tentacannula for tongue elevation: a case report

Ankyloglossia is characterized by the presence of a short lingual frenum that can be inserted from the alveolar ridge to the lingual apex and, until promoting a true fusion of the tongue to the floor. A short lingual frenum can generate several problems such as phonetic disorders. Objective: To describe a surgical technique for the treatment of ankyloglossia using a topical ophthalmic anesthetic and a tentacannula for tongue elevation. Case report: A 15-year-old female was referred for lingual frenulum surgery due to speech impairment. Clinical examination revealed the presence of ankyloglossia which was both hindering the pronunciation of T, D, L phonemes and reducing tongue mobility. The surgical technique chosen was a lingual frenectomy. An ophthalmic topical anesthetic was initially applied to the lateral borders of the frenum with the patient in an upright position and in the presence of adequate aspiration. With the aid of a tentacannula the tongue was raised and the frenulum gradually released with a Goldman-Fox serrated scissor. The topical anesthetic was continuously trickled onto the surgical site during surgery. Results: No postoperative pain was reported by the patient, healing occurred normally and there was no recurrence of abnormal frenulum insertion. Conclusion: The advantages of this technique in comparison to conventional methods which use infiltrative anesthesia include less trauma and a more precise evaluation of tongue movements during surgery, because there will be better control of mobility for the patient when compared to infiltrative techniques.

Introdução: A anquiloglossia caracteriza-se pela presença de um freio lingual curto que pode inserir-se desde o rebordo alveolar até o ápice lingual e, até promover uma verdadeira fusão da língua ao assoalho. Um freio lingual curto poderá gerar vários problemas como distúrbios fonéticos. Objetivo: descrever uma técnica cirúrgica para tratamento da anquiloglossia utilizando um anestésico tópico oftálmico e uma tentacânula para elevação da língua. Relato do caso: Uma paciente com 15 anos de idade foi encaminhada para cirurgia do frênulo lingual devido ao comprometimento da fala. O exame clínico revelou a presença de anquiloglossia, dificultando a pronúncia dos fonemas T, D, L e, reduzindo a mobilidade da língua. A técnica cirúrgica escolhida foi a frenectomia lingual. Um anestésico tópico oftálmico foi aplicado inicialmente nas bordas laterais do freio com o paciente na posição vertical e na presença de aspiração adequada. Com o auxílio de uma tentacânula, a língua foi elevada e o frênulo foi gradualmente liberado com uma tesoura serrilhada Goldman-Fox. O anestésico tópico foi continuamente gotejado para o local cirúrgico durante a cirurgia. Resultados: Nenhuma dor pós-operatória foi relatada pelo paciente, a cicatrização ocorreu normalmente e não houve recorrência da inserção anormal do frênulo. Conclusão: As vantagens dessa técnica em comparação aos métodos convencionais que utilizam anestesia infiltrativa, incluem menor trauma e uma avaliação mais precisa dos movimentos da língua durante a cirurgia, pois haverá um melhor controle da mobilidade do paciente quando comparado às técnicas infiltrativas.

Resultados del uso de termoterapia postquirúrgica en cirugía oral. Cienfuegos, 2015-2016 / Results of the use of post-surgical thermotherapy in oral surgery. Cienfuegos, 2015-2016

RESUMEN Fundamento: En la cirugía oral se emplean las diferentes variantes de termoterapia para aliviar los síntomas postoperatorios. Las opiniones y modos de actuar son diversos, y dependen de las condiciones del medio, de las patologías quirúrgicas, incluso, del paciente. Objetivo: describir los resultados del uso de la termoterapia como tratamiento postquirúrgico en la cirugía oral. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, de serie de casos, realizado entre octubre de 2015 y octubre de 2016, en el servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, del Hospital Provincial de Cienfuegos. Los 120 pacientes incluidos se distribuyeron en cuatro grupos de 30. Las variables se basaron en la triada sintomática dolor, inflamación e impotencia funcional; y se evaluaron para los diferentes grupos de tratamiento a las 72 horas y a los siete días después de la cirugía. Resultados: a los siete días el 50 % de los pacientes que recibieron termoterapia combinada no presentaron inflamación, y el 80 % de aquellos que recibieron termoterapia con frío, no presentaron dolor. La aplicación de la termoterapia con frío fue la que más redujo la impotencia funcional en los dos tiempos evaluados; a los siete días el 76,7 % de este grupo no presentaba dicha sintomatología. Conclusión: El uso de la termoterapia en esta serie fue efectivo en la mejora de los síntomas y signos evaluados. Los mejores resultados fueron evidentes en el caso de la termoterapia combinada, asociada a menos inflamación; y de la termoterapia con frío, que posibilitó disminución del dolor y de la impotencia funcional.

ABSTRACT Foundation: In oral surgery different variants of thermotherapy are used to relieve postoperative symptoms. The opinions and ways of acting are diverse, and depend on the conditions of the environment, on the surgical pathologies, even on the patient's. Objective: to describe the results of thermotherapy use as a post-surgical treatment in oral surgery. Methods: It is a descriptive, series of case studies, carried out between October 2015 and October 2016, in the Maxillofacial Surgery service of the Provincial Hospital of Cienfuegos. The 120 patients included were divided into four groups of 30. The variables were based on symptomatic triad pain, inflammation and functional impotence; and were evaluated for the different treatment groups at 72 hours and seven days after surgery. Results: after seven days, 50% of the patients who received combined thermotherapy did not have inflammation, and 80% of those who received cold thermotherapy did not report pain. Cold thermotherapy application was influenced the most in reducing functional impotence in both evaluations; Seven days after, 76.7% of this group did not report such symptoms. Conclusion: The use of thermotherapy in this series was effective in improving the symptoms and signs evaluated. The best results were evident in the case of combined thermotherapy, associated with less inflammation; and cold thermotherapy, which allowed a decrease in pain and functional impotence.

Perceptions of the Use of the Diode Laser in Dental Surgery: A Qualitative Study

Abstract Objective: To discover the perceptions of pediatric patients, their parents and undergraduate Dentistry students of the use of the diode laser in frenectomy surgeries. Material and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews, recorded and transcribed with subsequent content analysis. Twelve healthy children (5-8 years old) who needed a frenectomy were selected and invited, together with their parents, to undergo laser diode surgery. In addition, 28 undergraduate dentistry students were invited to attend the procedures. One week after performing the surgical procedures, the children (Group 1), their parents (Group 2) and the students who attended the procedures (Group 3) were individually interviewed for the thematic analysis. Results: The analysis of the conversations identified three emerging contents: positive thoughts on the use of diode laser; frustrations from the use of diode laser; and aspects related to professional training. Conclusion: The results pointed to the acceptance of surgical laser use in pediatric dentistry; however, the feelings of frustration indicate that its use requires guidance from the child and his/her parents, in addition to careful handling and specific training.